Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal - Rice bran contains significant amounts of phosphorus compounds as inositol hexaphosphoric acid or its mixed Ca and Mg salts (phytin). The patterns of phytin... 相似文献
Journal of NeuroVirology - Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a constellation of related metabolic risk factors, is a common comorbidity associated with cognitive difficulty in people living with HIV... 相似文献
The activation of oncogenic mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade via mutations in BRAF is often observed in human melanomas. Targeted inhibitors of BRAF (BRAFi), alone or as a part of a combination therapy, offer a significant benefit to such patients. Unfortunately, some cases are initially nonresponsive to these drugs, while others become refractory in the course of treatment, underscoring the need to understand and mitigate the underlying resistance mechanisms. We report that interference with polo-like kinase 3 (PLK3) reduces the tolerance of BRAF-mutant melanoma cells to BRAFi, while increased PLK3 expression has the opposite effect. Accordingly, PLK3 expression correlates with tolerance to BRAFi in a panel of BRAF-mutant cell lines and is elevated in a subset of recurring BRAFi-resistant melanomas. In PLK3-expressing cells, R406, a kinase inhibitor whose targets include PLK3, recapitulates the sensitizing effects of genetic PLK3 inhibitors. The findings support a role for PLK3 as a predictor of BRAFi efficacy and suggest suppression of PLK3 as a way to improve the efficacy of targeted therapy. 相似文献
Recently developed convolutional neural network (CNN) models determine bone age more accurately than radiologists.
Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a CNN and radiologists can accurately predict bone age from radiographs using only the index finger rather than the whole hand.
Materials and methods
We used a public anonymized dataset provided by the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) pediatric bone age challenge. The dataset contains 12,611 hand radiographs for training and 200 radiographs for testing. The index finger was cropped from these images to create a second dataset. Separate CNN models were trained using the whole-hand radiographs and the cropped second-digit dataset using the consensus ground truth provided by the RSNA bone age challenge. Bone age determination using both models was compared with ground truth as provided by the RSNA dataset. Separately, three pediatric radiologists determined bone age from the whole-hand and index-finger radiographs, and the consensus was compared to the ground truth and CNN-model-determined bone ages.
Results
The mean absolute difference between the ground truth and CNN bone age for whole-hand and index-finger was similar (4.7 months vs. 5.1 months, P=0.14), and both values were significantly smaller than that for radiologist bone age determination from the single-finger radiographs (8.0 months, P<0.0001).
Conclusion
CNN-model-determined bone ages from index-finger radiographs are similar to whole-hand bone age interpreted by radiologists in the dataset, as well as a model trained on the whole-hand radiograph. In addition, the index-finger model performed better than the ground truth compared to subspecialty trained pediatric radiologists also using only the index finger to determine bone age. The radiologist interpreting bone age can use the second digit as a reliable starting point in their search pattern.
ABSTRACTIntroduction: Steroid hormones are responsible for specific changes in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle, when they are sequentially secreted and, because of this, in the early days sequential combined oral contraceptive regimens were utilized. The same basic concept has been utilized with multi-phasic regimens, in order to produce endometrial pictures mimicking the normal cycle.Areas covered: The Endometrial effects of progestins and estrogens; combined monophasic high- (50 μg), medium- (30 μg), low- (20 μg), ultralow- (15 μg) estrogen content; sequential regimens; multiphasic combinations; treatment schedules.Cervical effects of combined high-dose and sequential combinations, including evidence for an increase in malignant lesions.Expertopinion: Overall, combined oral contraceptives (COCs) inhibit normal proliferative changes and the endometrium becomes thin, narrow, with widely spaced glands and pre-decidual changes in the stroma. During the first few cycles the progestin induces a coexistence of proliferative and secretory features; with time, the picture changes because the progestin induces a down-regulation of estrogen receptors, resulting in tortuous glands similar to those in the secretory phase, but characterized by a quiescent, atrophic glandular epithelium.In the cervical epithelium, under the influence of high-dose COCs, endocervical glands became hypersecretory and in some instances, distinctive type of atypical polypoid endocervical hyperplasia is found. 相似文献